Each hole and every course has its own predetermined par. Par is the standard number of strokes set for each hole or for the entire course. there are 4 par 3's, 10 par 4's and 4 par 5's
There are always 18 pars on an 18 hole Golf course. Par is considered to be the score an expert should require to finish a particular hole. now, perhaps the above (4 par 3's, 10 par 4's and 4 par 5's) is true on a "standard" or regulation (par 72) course. But there are also courses that are par 69, 70, 71, 73 and so on. These will obviously not follow the standard breakdown. Then also consider "executive" courses, consisting of only par 3's and par 4's. These are often par 58 but again, these can vary as well.
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On a golf course, there are 3 types of hole
* Par 3, usually a hole up to 230-240 yards, regulation is on the green in one and 2 putts * Par 4, usually 240- 450 yards, can even be over 500 yards on tour, on the green in 2 and 2 putts is a regulation par 4 * Par 5, longer than 450 yards. Regulation is on the green in 3 and 2 putts.
There is no specific lengths to these holes, as there are none specified, the yardages are just averages. There are also a couple of par 6 holes in the world, but they are very rare.
They all have 18 pars, but not all have the same number of par 3s, par 4s and par 5s. Some courses have a total par of 72, while others have a total par of 71, and some even have total par of 70.
There are 18 "holes" (tee-to-green). The "19th hole" is slang for the clubhouse or club bar.
The "standard" is 72, but there are many, many courses where par is 71 or even 70.