The floor mat measures 40 feet by 40 feet (with a 1' border) and is usually made of carpeting covering padded foam and springs.
There are two sets of interlocking plywood, with the bottom layer having either Springs (usually 4" coiled) or foam blocks.
However, there aren't always springs in the floor, some gyms have floors made of foam and wood.
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Not a whole lot higher. It basically helps you take absorb shock from the floor when landing skills so that you don't hurt yourself as badly. Kind of like the shocks in your car. But it doesn't really help you jump any higher, it is not like a trampoline or anything just a little bit of give to the floor when landing.