"Pinch" was old-timey slang for a tough, high pressure situation. Think "We're in a pinch!"
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Yes, he's part of the batting order for that inning as designated by his manager. Yes, the "pinch hitter" would be at bat for the second time in the inning but he would no longer be considered a "pinch hitter." My question is: What is he now considered? My guess is that he would be considered as taking the position of whatever player he pinch hit for. If he bats for the shortstop, and then comes around to bat again in the same inning, in his second at bat, he would be officially in the game at shortstop.
He fouled a pitch off of his foot and had to leave the game.
I won't say he was the best in history but Ed Kranepool of the New York Mets had a five year run as a pinch hitter that was a good as anybody in the game. Between 1974-1978, Kranepool went 57-144 for a pinch hitting batting average of .396.
If he comes in while his team is batting and he bats, he's called a pinch-hitter. If he just replaces a fielder the next inning, then he's a substitute.
Lou Gehrig's Major League debut was on June 15, 1923 as a pinch hitter.