I guess because this has been the traditional format of the game. The game is played at such speed and there is so much physical contact that players need two rest periods. I think that some years ago there was an experiment in pre-season games to see if two 30-minute halves would be practical but the idea was ruled out.
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There are three periods in hockey to allow for breaks and rest periods during the game. Each period typically lasts 20 minutes, and the breaks between periods allow teams to regroup, make adjustments, and give players a chance to rest and rehydrate. The intermissions also provide an opportunity for TV commercials and other game-related activities.
it ends by the game going through 3 20-minute periods and the buzzer going
Same as America. 20 minutes each period (3 periods). A total of 60 minutes of game.
If you mean "how many periods are there in a hockey game", it's 3, each lasting 20 minutes. If you mean "how many games are there in an NHL season", it's 82, not counting the playoffs which follow.
twenty minutes for each period. There are three periods.
If you're referring to the Olympics, it means: 3 wins 0 wins in overtime 0 losses in overtime 0 losses in regulation (the first three periods)