The first individual medalist representing India was Norman Pritchard who won silver in the 200 meter dash and 200 meter hurdles in the 1900 Olympics in Paris. Pritchard was of British descent and moved to England permanently in 1905. The first individual medalist of Indian descent from India was Khashaba Jadav who won bronze in Men's Freestyle Bantamweight Wrestling at the 1952 Games in Helsinki. In the 2008 Games in Beijing, Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win gold in an individual event when he won the men's 10 meter air rifle competition. This was India's 9th gold medal in Olympic competition. The other eight have been won by the hockey team.
There are several possible answers to this question, depending on what you really want to know.
a) Nobody has ever won an Olympic medal in India, as the Olympic Games have never been held in India.
b) The first man with an Indian passport to win a medal was Norman Pritchard, who won two silvers in the 1900 games in Paris, for the 200m and the 200m hurdles. However this bald statement is problematical for several reasons.
i) The games were only called Olympic retrospectively, and were called International Competitions. The International Olympic Committee played no part in their organisation.
ii) Entries were made by individuals and clubs, and not by National Olympic Committees. Norman Pritchard entered as part of the Amateur Athletic Association team, from Britain.
iii) Although Pritchard was born in india, this was only because his thoroughly British parents lived there. He qualified for the AAA team in London, and returned to live permanently in Britain in 1905.
c) The first men with Indian parents to win a medal were some of the members of the gold-medal-winning Indian Hockey Team in 1928. The IOC lists 15 medallists (Wikipedia has 20), including Ali Shaukat, Dyan Chand, Feroze Khan, Jaipal Singh and Sayed Yusuf.
That was Karnam Malleswari who won a bronze medal in weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. As of the 2008 Games, she is the only Indian women to win a medal at the Olympics.
Jim Thorpe was an American of European and Native American decent. He was in the 1912 Olympics in Sweden. He won gold medals in the pentathlon and the decathlon. In the 2008 Games in Beijing, Abhinav Bindra became the first athlete representing the country of India to win gold in an individual event when he won the men's 10 meter air rifle competition. This was India's 9th gold medal in Olympic competition. The other eight have been won by the hockey team.
abhinav bindra is the first Punjabi to win a medal in Olympics
latvian cyclist won the first medal in olympics 2012
Gold medal
That was Khashaba Jhadav who won a bronze medal in men's bantamweight class freestyle wrestling at the 1952 Summer Games in Helsinki.
Norman Pritchard
Milkha Singh
P . T . Usha
Bindra - Abhinav was the first Indian sports man to win gold medal in Olympics.
Gladys Davis won a silver medal at the 1924 Olympics in the Individual Women's Foil event.
Norman Pritchard (India) won a silver for India at 1900 Paris Olympics in Athletics - Men's 200 metres category.
Indian hockey captain Mr. Jaipal Singh in 1928 in Amsterdam Olympics
That was Karnam Malleswari who won a bronze medal in weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. As of the 2008 Games, she is the only Indian women to win a medal at the Olympics.
Michael Jung of Germany won the gold medal in equestrian individual eventing at the Rio 2016 Olympics.
Astier Nicolas of France won the silver medal in equestrian individual eventing at the Rio 2016 Olympics.
The United States won the bronze medal in equestrian individual eventing at the Rio 2016 Olympics.