In Rome the chariot races were held mainly in the Circus Maximus. There was also the Circus Flaminius for races. A clue is the word "circus", which means racecourse. Any Roman structure with the word "circus" in its name, would be a racecourse.
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The name of the building or arena where the Roman chariot races were held was the Circus Maximus in Rome and the Hippodrome in Byzantium/Constantinople.
Roman spectators watched chariot races in a circus. Circus in Roman times meant racecourse, it did not have the same meaning as today's word, circus. In the city of Rome itself, the Ciurcus Maximus was the main racecourse.
Chariot Races were held at the circus, which was the race track. Thecityof Rome had the Circus Maximus, the Circus Flaminius and the Circus Maxentius.
No, the Colosseum was built for other entertainment purposes. Perhaps an occasional chariot race was held there, but the chariot races were held at special courses laid out for them, such as the Circus Maximus or Circus Flaminius.
At least 5,000 to 8,000 years. The ancient people of Egypt, Rome, Greece, China all had chariots.