A brig is one type of two-masted sailing vessel. More specifically, a brig is a vessel with two square-rigged masts. This means that the two masts have square sails, as opposed to a vessel that is Bermuda-rigged (triangle-shaped sails).
There are other types of two-masted sailing vessels:
Brigantine
Brig or Brig-schooner
Ketch
Koch (type not based on rigging)
Schooner
Yawl.
Of these, the ketch, schooner, and yawl still remain somewhat popular today.
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That's a "dhow" or "felucca".
A Chinese sailing vessel is called a Junk. Brig, yawl, bark, dhow, snow, proa, pink, buss.
A type of sailing vessel.
Christopher Columbus used the type of sailing vessel called a caravel. Caravels were a common sailing ship built in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were small ships with a broad bow, a high narrow poop deck, and usually had three masts.
A dhow