American League (AL) and National League (NL). They're just like conferences, like AFC & NFC in the NFL and East Conference and West Conference in the NBA & NHL. Interleague play can happen, and at the end of the year, the AL champion faces the NL champion in the World Series.
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AL is an abbreviation for American League, one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball. The othe is NL, National League.
There are two leagues in major league baseball, the American League and the National League. There are about 19 leagues in minor league baseball that include the Arizona League, Appalachian League, California League, Pacific Coast League, International League, and others.
The commissioner and creator of baseball, in the time Major League Baseball was organized, wanted the championship to be decided by the top teams in each league. So, they created the American League and National League. The winner of each league faces each other in the World Series to decide the champion.
Hank Aaron was the last Negro League player to have a regular position in the Major League. Minnie Minoso was the last to actually play in a MLB game. (Two games for the White Sox in 1980.)
Beginning with the 2013 Major League Baseball season, there will be 15 teams in the National League and 15 in the American League. A longtime imbalance between the two leagues is being solved by the transfer of the Houston Astros from the N.L. Central to the A.L. West.