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Yes. Each season teams will play 15 to 18 games against teams from the other league.
They do, when the American League teams and the National League teams play each other.
At the start of the 2012 MLB Season there are 30 teams, 16 in the national league and 14 in the american league. Starting 2013, both leagues will have 15 teams each with the Houston Astros being moved to the American League West division as required by Bud Selig.
When the Tampa Bay Devil Rays and the Arizona Diamondbacks were scheduled to begin play in the American League and the National League, respectively, the new alignment for the 1998 season would have given each league 15 teams. To avoid odd numbers and scheduling headaches, the Milwaukee Brewers agreed to move from the American League to the National League after the 1997 season. After the 2012 season, the two leagues will have 15 teams apiece when the Houston Astros of the National League Central move to the American League West.
First of all, you are confusing the terms national league and American league used in baseball with football. Replace the word league with football. NFL has the National Football Conference and American Football Conference. There really is no difference, the difference is very similar to the differences between the American League and National League in baseball. Both Conferences are at the same level of play, play for the world championship with one team represting each (league in baseball, conference in football) in the final round of the playoffs, and in both baseball and football, each team plays the majority of games in their own (league in baseball, conference in football), but still plays a few of their games against teams from the other league or conference. These conferences were created after the NFL merged with a competing top-level league in 1970, the AFL (American Football League). All teams in the NFC are either expansion teams created after the merger, or were in the NFL before the merger. In the AFC, three teams that were in the NFL moved to the AFC the year of the merger so both conferences would have the same number of teams. Other than those three teams, all AFC teams were in the AFL or are expansion teams created after the merger.