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Yes, but they would not used marked balls for something like a rookie's first home run. MLB will use marked baseballs when an event can occur that would make the baseball a lot of money for a fan ... a collector's item. After Barry Bonds hit #755, every time he came to bat the ball boy would bring the home plate umpire a batch of baseballs. Those balls were marked with a number. The home plate umpire kept track of the number of the ball in play so that when Bonds hit #756, there would be no confusion as to which fan had the correct ball.
He's out. Missing any plate is an out. If the bases were loaded and the man on 2nd missed the plate you would only score a point for the man on 3rd (assuming he hits the plate). There would be one out if everyone made it to the home plate, but the man on 2nd, 1st and batter would not get runs.
Umpires are always check how many baseballs they have, and never let it get below 3. They will get replenished by a batboy or other appointed person.
There was an episode of "Dirty Jobs" on the Discover Chanel about this. It is not the umpire that does it. It is a person that works for the home team of any given game. It is a very particular type of natural mud but i do not remember where it comes from. I have heard they prepare about 60 balls per game.
The pointed end of a home plate faces the rear, away from the playing field. The home plate itself if in fair territory.