Weight training is the science of using weights (or another form of external resistance) in order to train your body to perform a certain task with better ease, efficiency, or technique. This broad category includes simple ankle weights worn while jogging, all the way up to half-ton leg presses.
Weight lifting (i.e. bodybuilding) is a subset of weight training. It specifically identifies the discipline of weight training for the purpose of building larger, stronger, or more well-defined muscles. This is in contrast to weight training, which includes those things, plus weight loss, balance, flexibility, and certain athletic skills.
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Powerlifting includes specific Olympic competition lifts such as deadlifts, snatch, clean and jerk, and clean and press. Weightlifting is a general form of any type weight training (free weights, cables, kettlebells, and other implements).
Weightlifting is just simply lifting weights. Power lifting is hardcore lifting very heavy weights looking for either lots of muscle mass or high amount of strength.