Races are measured in furlongs; a furlong is 1/8 of a mile. In the U.S. races normally range from 5 1/2 furlongs to up to 1 1/2 miles (the Belmont Stakes each June is one of the very few 1 1/2 mile races).
Races unde one mile are known as "sprints" while races of a mile or more are known as "routes." The Kentucky Derby, the most famous American race, is 1 1/4 miles.
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