Many rulers forbid carrying and using weapons. This meant that people who were not soldiers had to use other means of defending themselves other than the classical weapons of the time. This is why hand to hand fighting and the use of bows and agricultural tools started to develop in China. This is what is popularly known as Kung fu. These arts spread to Japan where sword fighting was combined with grappling arts. Ultimately this became known as Jiu Jitsu. This was further developed by Kano Jigora into an Olympic sport known as Judo. Judo also spread to Brazil and Helio Gracie and his brothers further developed the ground aspect (ne-waza) and this is now known as Brazilian Jiu-jitsu. The meeting of Brazilian Jiu-jitsu with western combat sports such as boxing and Wrestling gave rise to a new martial art. Mixed Martial Arts.
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Martial arts has developed in pretty much every society in the world. The unarmed arts of the Asian cultures has spread through a combination of population and numbers and historical connections. The heavy merging of the Eastern and Western cultures at the end of World War 2 created an opportunity for them to spread around the world.