There are many Martial Arts that use a blue belt to rank (generally) lower ranking practitioners (along with white, yellow, green, orange, etc.). There is no Martial Art based on a "blue belt" rank after all isn't what should matter as skill, understanding, and performance under pressure is what matters.
The "Midnight Blue Belt" in Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan is the closest you'll get to a "high rank that even has the English equivalent name of "blue" in any form within the ranking structure. It will look "black" but they believe there is always room for improvement as it is effectually the color of the darkness of midnight.
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That would depend on the school, style, and the instructor themselves. Some styles don't even have a blue belt. I would check with the school / instructor in question if you can contact them.