It depends on the style of karate. In the traditional Okinawan styles, solid red belts are worn by 9th and 10th dans. Which would mean they are higher than black belt.
Other styles use the red belt for one of the kyu rankings, which are below the dan rankings and lower than black belt.
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It will depend on the style of karate. In some styles, a blue belt is one of the kyu levels. In others, a blue belt is used instead of a black belt.
In WKF , the blue belt (ao) and red belt (aka) are used to distinguish the two fighters in a kumite.
They are a visible indicator of your progress in the school you are attending. A true practitioner can watch you do kata and tell what rank you are.
diffrent styles have diffrent colors mine is: white yellow orange purple blue green brown red red/black black
white, white yellow, yellow, white orange, orange, white red, red, white green, green, white blue, blue, white purple, purple, white brown, white black, black 1st dan, 2nd dan, 3rd dan, 4th dan, 5th dan, 6th dan, 7th dan and 8th dan. when you get to black belt, it doesn't stop there, 1st dan is a test after one year of getting your black belt. 2nd dan is a harder test after 2 years of getting your 1st dan. 3rd dan is an even harder teat 3 years after getting your 2nd dan and so on. you can trust me that these are right. i am trained by a 5th dan who was trained by an 8th dan.
The order of the belts depends on which school and style you practice as there are a lot of different types. I practice Shorin-Ryu Okinawan style.
There are 3 different classes for juniors- 5-13 year old.
Beginner/Intermediate:
White
Yellow
Orange
Orange and White
Blue
each belt in the is class has to learn one kata in order to advance to the next belt
Lower Advanced:
Blue and White
Green and White
Purple
Purple and White
Brown and White
Red
Blue and whites have to learn one kata and certain blocks to advance
Green and White through Red have to learn one empty hand kata, one Bo kata ( the weapon Donatello has in TMNT) Purple and Whites also have to learn the Tonfa Kata (wooden weapon kinda like a side handled police nightstick), Brown and Whites have to learn the Nunchucku Kata, and Red belts have to learn the Sai Kata(raphael's weapon)
Starting at Green and White, you learn Fixed kumites as well, all of this is needed to advance in belt rank.
Upper Advanced:
Red and White
Jr.Black Belt (Black and White)
Jr. Black Belt 1 orange loop
Jr. Black Belt 2 orange loops
Jr. Black Belt 3 orange loops
Jr. Black Belt 4 orange loops
Red and Black
Red and Black 1 loop
Red and Black 2 loops
Red and Black 3 loops
Red and black 4 loops
Probational Black Belt- Black and Gold (if under 15)
If you have the Probational black belt, when you're 15, you can test for the 1st Dan Black Belt. In this class you learn more fixed kumites, katas and start using Kamas along with the other weapons.
Then there's the adult classes: 14- really no age limit
they learn the same things, there's just more than one kata to one belt
White- in kids class equal to white -blue
White with Green Tip-equal to blue and white-purple
Green-equal to purple and white-red and white
Green with Brown tip-equal to Jr. black- jr. black 2 loops
Brown- equal to jr.black 3loops- red and black
Brown with Black Tip red and black 1-4loops
1st Dan Black Belt
Hopefully that's not too confusing, our school holds promotions about three times a year, and that's when you can advance if you know what you need to know. in the beginner/intermediate and lower advanced you're allowed to jump belts ex. go from blue and white to purple and white in one promotion if you know the katas,blocks, and kumites needed. It takes a while to get your Black Belt here, my friend started out in the Juniors class when she was 7 and moved over to the adults class when she was 14 and she's a Brown belt.
There are 9 or 10 degrees of black belts in this style- my sensei is an eighth degree black belt.
In most of the traditional Okinawan styles of karate, a red and white belt is worn by those that have earned their 7th and 8th degree black belts. Those that have 9th and 10th degree wear a solid red belt.
Yellow belt is just past white. It means that you might know a little more than someone who's never done karate at all.