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There are several muscles used to actually rotate your arm about the shoulder joint. Here is a list of some of them: pectoralis major, subscapularis, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, supraspinatus, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major and minor, infraspinatus, long head of triceps.
This is not a complete list of the muscles involved, but what it should say is that this is not a straight forward and simple mechanical motion. The only good (time efficient) exercise is to mimic the arm wrestling motion--with a cable machine perhaps.
The role of the wrist is also a contributing factor in arm wrestling, but that is much more simple. In this part, the forearm flexors is the muscle that's used.
Just about all of the muscles in your body are used at some point during a match. But if you're looking for muscles to work out in the off-season focus on arms, hand strength (for gripping), legs, and back.
Professional wrestlers spend a lot of time working out in the gym using all of their muscles,therefore the answer to the question is everybody muscle is important. A professional wrestler needs strong arms ,back and leg muscles.Strong biceps,triceps are a must to be able to fend off your opponent or lift them and pin them in a winning position.