In Japanese culture it is customary to show respect by bowing; instead of hand shakes, the Japanese generally bow. This permeated all of their activites so was a part of karate even before it was an established activity.
It is the first rule of the Niju Kun, the 20 precepts of Shotokan, however that first rule applies to all styles;
"Karate begins with respect, and ends with respect."
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