There is no penalty for that
This penalty is called "Clipping".
There isn't a penalty called a fall start, but there is one called a false start. A false start is when someone on the offense who is already set prematurely moves before the ball is snapped and the play has begun.
Yes
It is called the penalty arc. It is to ensure that defenders are 10 yards from the penalty spot when a penalty kick is taken.
No, a defense cannot commit a false start penalty in football. False start penalties are only called on the offense for making a sudden movement before the snap.
No. An illegal formation penalty does not stop play. The play is only negated if the defense accepts the penalty after the play is over.
In football, a team can earn negative points if they commit a safety in their own end zone or if they have a touchdown called back due to a penalty.
Yes, it is called equipment violation. It results in a timeout charged by the offending team.
In football, having too many men on the field is called "too many players on the field" or simply "too many men." It results in a penalty for the offending team, typically leading to a five-yard penalty in American football. The rule ensures that each team has only 11 players on the field during a play.
In American football, when a defender catches a forward pass from the offense, it is called an interception.
In American Football, hitting another player with the top of your helmet used to be called spearing but is now called "targeting with the crown of your helmet". It is a 15 yard penalty if committed by an offensive player and a 15 yards / automatic 1st down if called against a defensive player. The yards are added to the end of the play if called against a defensive player.
Depends what surface you're playing on. They can be called cleats, or boots, or spikes.