yacht this was the original answer but this can refer to a powered vessel too. As in motor yacht. A one masted fore and aft rigged vessel is called a sloop and can have various sail plans e.g. Gaff rigged, bermudian rigged
Yawls, ketches and two-masted schooners all match this definition. The jib or headsail is not used to define the boat, as almost all fore-and-aft rigged boats have a headsail of some kind.
A brig is one type of two-masted sailing vessel. More specifically, a brig is a vessel with two square-rigged masts. This means that the two masts have square sails, as opposed to a vessel that is bermuda-rigged (triangle-shaped sails). There are other types of two-masted sailing vessels: Brigantine Brig or Brig-schooner Ketch Koch (type not based on rigging) Schooner Yawl. Of these, the ketch, schooner, and yawl still remain somewhat popular today.
A barque a sailing ship, typically with three masts, in which the foremast and mainmast are square-rigged and the mizzenmast is rigged fore-and-aft.
a "one masted vessel" is a boat with a single mast, or a large metal/aluminum piece standing vertically in the boat. the mast always holds the main sail of the boatthere are many one masted sailing vessels in the worldsome include ::-J24-Tartan 28-Snipe-420-Laser-505-Lightening-Etchell-Viper-470-49er-29er-Sonar-Star-I420and that's just a handful! good luckAnother answer:If the sails are rigged fore and aft, a one-masted sailboat is usually a sloop or a cutter. I am not aware of the name used for one-masted square or lateen rigged boats.
A Schooner is a multi-masted sailing vessel as contrasted with a Sloop or Catboat which has one mast. A Schooner has a Foremast in front of the Mainmast that is shorter (or the same height) as the Mainmast. A Ketch has a Mizzenmast that is shorter than the Mainmast aft of the main but in front of the rudder post. A Yawl has a small Mizzenmast aft of the rudder post. Some Schooners have Mizzenmasts also. The principal difference between a schooner and other multi-masted sailing vessels is the fact that the sails of a schooner are primarily fore-and-aft rigged, meaning the sails are parallel to the body of the vessel; other multi-masted sailing vessels are primarily square-rigged, meaning they have sails that are principally positioned perpendicular to the body of the vessel. The difference lies in their uses: a fore-and-aft rigged vessel is most valuable in the coasting trade where it plies coastal waters up and down a shoreline. Square-rigged vessels are more useful for trans-oceanic voyages, and generally require a larger crew than fore-and-aft rigged vessels.
A barquentine is a sailing vessel similar to a barque, but fore-and-aft rigged on the mainmast.
A single-masted, fore-and-aft-rigged sailing boat with a short standing bowsprit or none at all and a single headsail set from the forestay.
A schooner
A single-masted, fore-and-aft-rigged sailing boat with a short standing bowsprit or none at all and a single headsail set from the forestay.
A barkentine is another term for a barquentine - a sailing vessel similar to a barque but fore-and-after rigged on the mainmast.
A brig is a two-masted square-rigged ship with an additional gaff sail on the mainmast. A brigantine is almost exactly the same but without the gaff sail, and the mainmast is fore and aft rigged.