as far as holding "up" ... the mast is usually stepped (attached) to the deck or keel on a sailboat. this supports the gravity downward load.
to keep it from toppling over in the slightest breeze, there are wire rope stays connected at various points. in a masthead sloop there is a headstay and backstay connecting the front and back of the boat to the top of the mast. there are also shrouds (left and right) wire rope rigging (usually) that hold the mast up from the left and right.
there can also be attachments at the midheight of the mast for fore and aft shrouds as well.
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