1) What do you mean by sail extender? The rope to hoist (raise) the sail is called the halyard. The vertical beam supporting the sail is the mast, the horizontal beam supporting the sail is the boom.2) It's called a SPRIT - see: Dictionary.com
sprit
Presuming you are referring to a gaff-rigged main sail, that diagonal pole would be the boom.
The vertical pole on a sailboat is called the mast, but at the bottom of the sail is horizontal pole called a boom. On the Tall Ships, the horizontal pole AT THE TOP of the sail is called the yardarm.
the pole that holds up the sail is called the mast
If you mean the vertical poles to which sails are attached, these are called masts.
The vertical pole is called a "Mast". The horizontal poles (on 3-masted ships for instance) are called "Arms" or "Yardarms".
A spinnaker pole or a whisker pole.
If you mean the vertical poles to which sails are attached, these are called masts.
A spinnaker pole or a whisker pole.
Mast (vertical, leading edge of sail), Boom (horizontal,bottom of sail), and a spinnaker pole if you use a spinnaker which is a sail type
Mast