Lateen rig
Lateen rig
The extended keel or centerboard, the rudder, and the fore-and-aft rigging of sails all help a boat sail closer to the wind.
Wut made ships sail in the wind was that using a persicet sail or flag will pick up the wind and will push the air out and sail..just like u swinging on a swing 
It is not possible to sail directly INTO the wind. Forty-five degrees is about as close as can be gained. Actually they did get the ships to sail into the wind. The above answer is wrong.
Olden day ships move by the wind, the wind pushes the sail and it goes to the direction the wind is going.
a Lateen Sail
Allegedly, the lateen sail design made it possible to sail closer into the wind. That is, less than 45 degrees from the direction the wind is blowing. No sail boat can sail directly into the wind. Yet.
Not directly but closer to the wind than previous vessels.
They pretty much don't. If a sail-only ship is becalmed, or caught without wind, she is at the mercy of the currents until the wind picks up again.
No I believe the Egyptians 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is called a stern rudder i looked every word up on my paper and found it