currently Fujikura but they have used others
Graphite shafts are lighter and more flexible, which can help increase swing speed and distance. Steel shafts are heavier and offer more control and accuracy due to their rigidity. The choice between graphite and steel shafts ultimately comes down to personal preference and playing style.
Callaway clubs differ from other clubs because they have bore through shafts. These can be difficult to put in, so you should really get your local pro or clubfitter to replace them.
True Temper makes their steel shafts now, called Uniflex. Previously they were made by Royal Precision and were called Constant Weight Series. One shaft is stepped and the other stepless.
Young children should really use graphite shafts, they help them get the ball in the air easier and they are a lot lighter than the steel ones. Any clubs I have seen designed specifically for children have graphite shafts. When they get a bit older and stronger say 13-14 they may be able to move on to steel, because their swing speed will have increased and they are a lot stronger. Girls however tend to stay with graphite as they have slower swing speeds and the graphite shafts help get the ball in the air.
Yes, graphite shafts are far superior to steel shafts in terms of distance.
1996
Boron Graphite shafts are an Alloy of Carbon Fiber with Boron(Metal Element) Weaved along the side the carbon fiber strands. The best graphite Iron shafts ever made all have this in them, Some examples are the Yonex Tour irons that Phil Mickelson played, they had Yonex LTB-600 shafts(Low-torque-boron) and G.Loomis Tour shafts as well(G.Loomis also makes HIGH END fishing rods. Boron significantly improves the the tip and bend profile of the shaft and also makes it stronger, Boron significantly reduces the torque of a shaft, The Loomis tour's and Yonex ltb-600 shafts have lower torque numbers that TT Dynamic Gold steel shafts.
Callaway Big Bertha irons are a line of golf clubs. These clubs are available with either graphite or steel shafts. They tend to be great for players who have high handicaps and are very forgiving and thus mask bad swings well.
This is a Ping graphite shaft that was sold with the ISI model Ping Irons in the nineties. The w54 was a firm stiffness-not regular-but it was very light weight shaft at that time.
If you want a high quality shaft, you should look along the lines of UST, Grafalloy, Aldila or Mitsubishi. I cannot tell you which one you should get because I do not know your game/age/ability etc. The best thing to do is to go get custom fit and try out a few different shafts. Nearly all shafts have different kick points and produce different launch angles. The problem with Callaway clubs though is that shafts go through the head to the bottom of the club, some golf shops may actually shy away from fitting new shafts to these.
The majority of them would, but quite a lot still use graphite shafts. Graphite shafts help launch the ball higher with their slower swing speeds.