They are actually a part of all Martial Arts, but predominantly in the grappling arts such as judo or aikido.
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kung fu is a martial art...followed by karate, judo aikido, muay thai , ect.
kung fu, tai kuan-do, karate, judo, dujissu and fung-swai
Even though Judo and Karate are both Japanese martial arts they focus on completely different fighting styles.Karate means empty hand, Karate focuses primarily on striking techniques such as delivering punches and kicks, karate practitioners are trained to maximize the force behind their punches/kicks.Judo means the gentle way, the sport of Judo was formed from traditional Japanese combat art of Ju-Jutsu. Modifications were made which eliminated striking techniques, in Judo instead of going strength against strength the practitioner uses their opponents leverage to throw them. Judo unlike Karate also involves grappling and the use of joint locks, wind and blood chokes. It is impossible to with 100% accuracy state which art is better, from stand-up karate has the advantage of using strikes and the judo practitioner who does not use strikes has throws and leg sweeps at their disposal.Karate practitioners who are not trained to fight on the ground are at a major disadvantage to the Judo practitioner who is trained in grappling, joint locks, and wind/blood chokes. Both styles have their advantages and disadvantages and neither style is better than the other, it all depends on the practitioner.In my opinion the best fighting style would not be a single style but a mixture of styles; such as a mixture of muay thai, judo, karate, and Brazilian jujitsu.
Japanese martial arts include: Karate, Jiu Jitsu (not to be confused with Brazillian Jiu Jitsu), Kendo(which is the same as ninjitsu), Judo, Ninjitsu and Aikido.* Karate is unarmed fighting utilizing punches, kicks and throws to overcome an opponent. * Jiu Jitsu incorporates the kicks and punches of karate (to a lesser degree) the throws, chokes, arm-locks and joint-locks of Judo. * Kendo is the art of sword fighting. It is a competitive sport practiced with bamboo swords utilizing sword techniques of Samurai Warriors. This is the same as ninjitsu * Judo, does not involve the violence of punching or kicking, which often result in serious injury. Judo uses throws, chokes and joint locks to overtake an opponent, with much of the fighting taking place on the ground. It is more similar to wrestling in this regard. * Ninjitsu is the art of the Ninja. In ancient Japan Ninjas were Samurai warriors who were trained to be experts in clandestine activities that included quick and silent ways of killing, weapons, how to create and use poisons, and much more. * Aikido is the art of throwing and overtaking opponents through the use of ki or the spiritual energy that runs through everything. * Kong-Fu is the art of monkey balancing
Judo is a martial art, and is also a sport.