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A true Marxian revolution would not work in Russia because the country's economy was mostly agrarian rather than industrial. This meant that capitalism had not yet created the conflicting social classes of bourgeoisie and proletariat. Without these conflicting classes there could be no revolution of the proletariat.

Marx did not believe in Utopia. He did not believe that a political group, be they Marxists, Socialists, Bolsheviks or Communists, could take over a country and impose socialism and communism upon it. The evolution from capitalism to socialism to communism was an historical process not a political one. Capitalism had to fully run its course, separate society into the two classes and set the stage for the proletariat to overthrow the bourgeoisie. Industrialized capitalism was an absolute must because only wide scale industrialization would create the homogeneous working class that would become the proletariat. An agrarian economy would not create those two classes and Russia was at that time an agrarian economy.

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