World War I caused the rise of communism in Russia, and ultimately around the world. The White Russians had suffered such heavy losses in the War, that the people, who were also starving, rioted and overthrew the government. Meanwhile, communism--a product of philosopher Karl Marx--was gaining popularity in the early 20th century. Vladimir I. Lenin led the Bolshevik Revolution in October 1917, and established the first Communist state, and the Soviet Union.
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Russia's communists had recently spilt into two different parties.
The real event that led to the rise of "communism" in Russia was the October Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party. The word communism is in quotes because true communism was never achieved in Russia. Lenin and his followers imposed socialism, not communism.
The split of the Marxist party into two factions, Bolshevik and Menshevik, did not lead to the rise of communism, because that split took place in 1903. Further, that split was a split within a Marxist political party, so both factions had socialism/communism as their aims.
The October Revolution of 1917 ousted the provisional government with the mainly Bolshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, which had split away from the Mensheviks, assuming power. A civil war between The Reds and Whites continued for years until the Bolsheviks claimed victory, and established the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics.
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The economic loss in Russia and the revolution started in Russia caused Russia to withdraw from the war.
The Russian working class overthrew the existing government to establish a communist state.