That part of the stick is called the "blade"
The name of that action varies. When you are doing that action with the intent of giving it to a teammate, it is passing. When you plan to score a goal and direct it at the opponent's net it is called a shot. If you plan to just do the action to get rid of the puck and put it into the opponent's defensive end then it s referred to as a dump.
Dribble
cycling in hockey is when a teammate passes the puck to another teammate along the yellow of the boards
yes
that depends on the force exerted by the stick on the puck. they are directly related, in other words F(puck to stick)=F(stick to puck)
As long as the puck wasn't "kicked" into the net. For Example, if someone hit a slapshot and his teammate was standing right next to the net and the puck hit the teammate's foot, then it would count as a goal.
A hockey stick is what the players hold on to in order to move the puck. A puck is the black disk that the players use the stick to hit. The purpose of the game is to get the puck into the opponent's net more times than they score on your net.
[It's Newton's 3rd Law.]
it's referred to traditionally as a 'one-timer'
Puck
You were one of the last 2 people who passed the puck to your teammate who scored.
This depends on the flex rating/capability of the stick shaft, the strength of the stick blade and the power of the player shooting the puck.