What nations where conquered by Muhammad Ali?

Answer 1

There have been several people bearing the name Muhammad Ali, which confuses the issue somewhat. There was a very famous boxer of that name, but that is not who you are asking about. There was also an important Egyptian leader of that name. Allow me to quote an article about him:

Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (Ottoman Turkish: محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; Arabic: محمد علي باشا‎ / ALA-LC: Muḥammad 'Alī Bāshā; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa;[2] 4 March 1769 - 2 August 1849) was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted. He also ruled Levantine territories outside Egypt. The dynasty that he established would rule Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.