A "header".
A one touch pass is when a player immediately passes the ball when he receives it. It is called a One-Touch because he player only contacts the ball once.
soccer ball, just did it
It isn't called soccer ball because the soccer ball is the ball you use in soccer. See? I have actually heard people call it soccer and soccer ball.
A clearance
Giving head
That is called a spike.
tackle
It's called passing or pass
usually it is called a trap or trapping the ball
a soccer game is 90 minutes, there are 22 players in the field, if you say that a player touches a ball 2/3 of the time, 60/22=almost 3 minutes. This is an estimate, for a striker will have far less ball contacts as a midfielder.
Obstruction
A soccer ball is a sphere.