On the foremast.
forecastle foremast
the lowest sail on the foremast of a ship
USS Maine
bow stern keel foremast centermast radarpost
You're probably thinking of the bowsprit, to which the stays of the foremast are attached.
"Pirate ships" nominally had three: the foremast, mainmast, mizzenmast.
Mizzen Mast,Foremast,Main Mast,Rudder,Bow,Stern
The Niña, which is rigged as a Caravela Redonda, has square sails on the main and foremast for sailing downwind.
The "Jib" goes out forward, the "Main" goes up the foremast, & the "Mizzen" goes up the mizzenmast.
The jib sail is the triangular staysail in front of the foremast. Sometimes a spinnaker replaces the jib. They are both generally referred to as "headsails".
A barque a sailing ship, typically with three masts, in which the foremast and mainmast are square-rigged and the mizzenmast is rigged fore-and-aft.