The best point of sailing is 45 degrees to the wind. If the wind was over the beam you would have to take a port or starboard tack to it.
When you are tacking through the wind it is that point at which the boat is just past head to wind and all the sheets should be let go and pulled through on the leward side of the boat.
elizabeth 11 on one side &sailing boat on other 1955
It's a sailing term. "Heel" means the lower end or side of a thing on a boat. (The heel of the mast is the part that sits on the deck.) The heel of the boat itself is the bottom of the boat, and when the boat leans over in the wind you can see the bottom, so it's called "heeling over".
That's when the bow of a sailboat is aimed into the wind causing the sail to just flap with the wind instead of catching the wind as it does when it is coming over the side of the boat or from behind.
A list means that the boat is not level (side to side) in the water but is leaning over to one side.
The port is the left side of the boat when standing on the boat and facing the bow (the front of the boat). It is indicated with a red navigation light at night or during heavy fog. It is called the port because it is the side where the cargo is loaded onto the ship while at the port before sailing off.
The stern is the back side of the boat or ship, it is the exact opposite end of the boat from the bow or front. It is technically defined as the area built up over the stern post, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. On older sailing vessels, the stern of the ship was often the location of the captain's quarters.
the wind for one. the air pressure over throws the boat hitting it to the side
A sailing boat can not sail directly upwind, sail at about 45 degrees to the wind and tack (turn the boat through the wind) to the other side of the wind and continue in this zig-zag manner up wind.
"Port" is the left side of the boat while facing forward. "Starboard" is the right side of the boat while facing forward. The port is the left side of the boat when standing on the boat and facing the bow (the front of the boat). It is indicated with a red navigation light at night or during heavy fog. It is called the port because it is the side where the cargo is loaded onto the ship while at the port before sailing off. Port is the left side of the boat when facing forward. Left and port have the same number of letters is how I was taught to remember it.
With the wind and waves behind (following) a boat the waves tend to swing the stern of the boat from side to side as the waves lift the stern. This makes steering very difficult. If the boat turns unintentionally it can get sideways between the waves and risks a broach when the next wave tips the boat on its side. Alternately the boat can start surfing straight down the waves which can bury the bow in the trough of the waves and the following wave will lift the stern and flip the boat end-over-end, called pitchpoling. Also with high winds coming from behind the boat an unintentional jibe can occur which, if severe, can damage rigging or even dis-mast the boat.
The windward side of the boat is the side of the boat that the wind is hitting. the other side of the boat that is sheltered from the wind is the Leeward side. In other words ... the windward side of the boat is the side that is closest to the source of the wind.