No they can not do it as they can harm the goalkeeper. Henry id that recently to celebrate a goal, but he got fined heavily.
Either a goalkick(from the line) or a punt (out of his hands).
the goalkeeper
If an attacking player knocks the ball past the goal line (but not in the goal), and if the goalkeeper is fouled inside his 6-yard box.
The player is the goalkeeper (often shortened to goalie).
A soccer player kicks a ball into the opposing team's goal. A goalkeeper will try to stop this from happening
Artur Boruc goalkeeper for Poland and Celtic.
The goalkeeper must have both feet on the line for the penalty kick.
The first black woman soccer player was named Briana Scurry. She was the goalkeeper. As of 2014, she is now retired.
GoalKeeper (Goalie)
The so-called "Back Pass" rule means that the goalkeeper cannot handle the ball, even within his own penalty area, if it was deliberately kicked to him by a teammate. If the goalkeeper violates this rule, an indirect free kick is awarded to the attacking team at the point where the goalkeeper handled the ball. Note that a penalty kick can never be awarded for a goalkeeper's handling.
A penalty kick is awarded when a defender commits a direct free kick offense, against an attacker, within his own penalty area, and during active play. The penalty kicker places the ball on the penalty mark, 12 yards from the goal, and gets a one-on-one kick against the opposing goal keeper. All other players must be outside of the penalty area, 10 yards from the ball, and behind the ball at the taking of the kick.
A player kicks it, chests it, passes it, or throws it (from a throw in), a goalkeeper kicks it, catches it and throws it.