Obstuction is when a player prevents another player from playing the ball by (intentionally or accidentally) placing their own body or stick between that other player or their stick and the ball.
Shadow (or third-party) obstruction occurs where a player prevents an opponent from tackling a team member in the way as above.
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Obstruction is an infringement which can occur in two ways.
1) When an a player without the ball defends an opponent with the ball from a distance closer than 3 feet (90cms). The distance is measured from the landed foot of the attacker to the nearest foot of the defender.
2) When a player uses arms raised (higher than is deemed necessary for personal balance) to defend a player without the ball during court play. The ground distance in this case is irrelevant.
'Obstruction with the legs' and 'obstruction with/of the ball' are urban myths and not covered by the rules.
Obstruction is not a term used in the Laws of the Game any longer. It is now called "impeding the progress of an opponent." Players often get confused about the difference in "impeding" and "shielding the ball." Essentially, if the defender is within playing distance of the ball then she is shielding, not impeding. If the ball is out of range of the defender or if there is no chance the attacker is going to get to the ball, then it cannot be impeding.
obstruction is when a player runs in front of his teammate with the ball stopping the opposition from tackling. when this occurs it is obstruction.