There are definitely some well stated guidelines for flying after diving. Here is some information.
The concerns of heading to altitude too soon after diving are the same as those when you ascend from your dive too quickly because the same scientific principles apply: Going to altitude takes you to an area of lower outside pressure, meaning residual nitrogen still dissolved in your blood can come out of solution as bubbles if the ascent isn't slow enough to let your body off-gas. This is why it's so important to ensure you've off-gassed any nitrogen in your system before going to altitude. The more diving you do, the more residual nitrogen you'll amass, so the amount of time you should wait relates directly to the type of diving and how many dives you make in a given period of time.
I recommend waiting at least 24 hours before flying after diving - better safe than sorry - but if that's not possible, the following shows the minimum guidelines for different diving circumstances, based on flying in commercial aircraft.
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