It was invented as a show of talent in Ancient Polynesia, the best surfer was usually the tribal chieftain. ---- Surfing was invented in order to help the younger generations of fisherman learn how to deal with waves. This way when they grew up they would be able to successfully navigate the shoreline without their boats tipping over, having them lose their precious cargo. Then probably out of boredom (sponging sucks) they started standing up instead of lying down and then you get the sport of surfing. There are many accounts of this happening in fishing villages all over the world Sal Tome, India, Fiji, Philippines. So it is unsure who really came up with it first but this is why it was invented.
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Modern scientific Archaeology indicates, as many Peruvians have long claimed, that surfing may have been invented on their north Pacific coast by pre-Columbian cultures using reed boats to surf the waves. These boats are similar in shape to surfboards but are made from the reeds of a plant. Pottery from as early as 1000b.c. unearthed in Peru shows people wave riding. For those who think surfing was invented in Hawaii keep in mind no one lived on the Hawaiian Islands until 300-750AD or at least 1500 years and possibly 2000 years after surfing has been confirmed in Peru. To be certain, Peru has the oldest archaeological and cultural evidence in existance. Additionally, it is clear that the lineage in Peru originates in the Pre-Incan past 3000 years ago. It continues to the present in both the ancient and modern forms. As proven by archeologists this tradition can be traced back to 1000bc. Surfing is depicted on ceremonial vessels of the Viru Culture, an antiquity of 3000 years, where you can clearly see a man standing aboard a little reed craft, surfing.
It is known that Polynesians surfed. This was witnessed to be very similar to its modern form by European sources, such a Captain Cook, during his explorations less than 300 years ago. Because it was so deeply rooted in their culture, it is safe to assume that it had been taking place before then, however, we cannot be sure as there is absolutely no physical evidence in Polynesia like that found in Peru.
This means that the earliest surfing in the world, with actual physical evidence, took place in Peru. There is no anthropological or archaeological evidence for a Polynesian origin of surfing before the mid 1700s.
The man known as "The Pioneer of Modern Surfing" is Duke Kahanamoku, often called "The Father of Modern Surfing" he was a Gold medal winning Olympic swimmer and brought surfing into the public consciousness in the form it is currently known. Without his influence surfing wouldn't have become the well known sport it is today.
Surfing was started by the Hawaiians as a tribal activity. Chiefs surfed together as a sign of peace and surfing was also used the way it is today: as a mating offering. Lots of information is available about the start of surfing, just Google "surfing history" or "timeline of surfing."