To swim, you need to be able to float on your back and stomach, put your face in the water without fear, and to blow out through your nose in the water. After you have mastered these first goals, swimming is easy.
p.s. I am an experienced lifeguard and have taught countless children how to swim. These are my observations from my experiences.
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Well that depends. There are two ways to swim, competitive and recreational. If all you're looking to do is recreational, (basically just messing around, having fun, like a pool party or beach day) then all you really need to know is how to float on your back, front, and how to tread water. Treading water means to float upright, as if you were sitting in a chair that's under water.
Now if you're looking into competitive swimming, it doesn't take very much more than floating and a lot of hard work. Competitive swimming is an elaboration of basic movement through water. There are 4 different strokes, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and crawl, also know as freestyle. Backstroke is moving through the water floating on your back. Breaststroke is swimming similarly to that of a frog. Butterfly utilizes both arms working at the same time. Crawl/Freestyle is the most commonly seen stroke and it uses one arm at a time, usually in rapid succession.
You could look up more elaborate explanations of each strokes on various internet sites. Wikipedia also has a very extensive article on swimming and each different stroke.
You should do your basic club training and it is also good to do a form of cross training such a going to the gym. You can also mix it around a bit by working with tether's, kick boards, hand paddles and stroke beepers.