If you're going shallow: you just wear a bathing suit, a mask, flippers, and snorkel. If your going deep: you need a protective suit, mask, oxygen pack, flippers, chain mail (for sharks), and gloves.
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Here is the complete list of Scuba gear, as far as I know
Wetsuit, or drysuit (insulation, warmth, protection)
BCD (Buoyancy Compensator Device, used for maintaining neutral, positive or negative buoyancy underwater)
Weight belt (used to let the diver sink, not to make him sink, some of the newer BCD's have integrated weight systems)
Fins (If you don't know what fins are used for i assume you have never been underwater or at a pool)
A tank (for air)
A regulator (to breath and warm the air, as it is approximately -40 degrees when it comes out of the tank)
SPG (submersible pressure gauge, used to tell you your depth, and how much air you have)
Dive knife (optional)
Dive computer (also optional, but used widely to tell you various things such as dive times, No Decompression Limits, etc.)
Other equipement is also used, but is not mandatory
In addition to the obvious, I recommend a neoprene shirt (1mm or less of neoprene). Even if the water is warm, it is not as warm as your body and will soon deplete your body of warmth.
For shallow dives in cold climates, they are to keep the diver warm. For deep dives, they are to protect the diver from the cold and high pressure and to provide a supply of oxygen.