It depends what gas you are breathing!! Also you would know this if you are qualified to dive, If you are not qualified, but diving anyway... and you start seeing how deep you can go.... you will probably get "Narked" ..at around 30 metres . which is nitrogen narcosis . Its a feeling of being drunk under water ... great fun and if you are not with someone experienced, usually fatal... I am ex commercial diver ( Oil Rigs ) and have seen people narked...taking off their Scuba gear and giving it to the fish so the fish could breathe!!! Hope you get the point... You will not know if you are narked... Only your buddies will spot the fact the you just FLIPPED!!
Join a club and get trained!!
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That question doesn't have a simple answer, as there are a lot of variables you must consider, such as the diver's experience, genetic predisposition (affects whether or not the diver will experience gas toxicity or narcosis at a particular depth), and equipment (namely breathing gas composition and volume). Below are some rough guidelines...
40ft (12m): Recreational diving limit for divers aged under 12 years old and beginner divers.
60ft (18m): Recreational diving limit for divers with Open Water certification but without greater training and experience.
100ft (30m): Recommended recreational diving limit for divers. Average depth at which nitrogen narcosis symptoms begin to appear in adults.
130ft (40m): Absolute recreational diving limit for divers specified by Recreational Scuba Training Council.
180ft (55m): Technical diving limit for "extended range" dives breathing air to a maximum ppO2 of 1.4 ATA.
220ft (65m): Depth at which compressed air results in an unacceptable risk of oxygen toxicity.
330ft (100m): Technical diving training limit for divers breathing trimix. Recommended technical diving limit.
510ft (155m): Record depth for scuba dive on compressed air.
1100ft (330m): World record for deepest dive on SCUBA.
In terms of time, as long as you want if you plan accordingly for the time. Divers using rebreathers are diving for more than 12 hours straight.