No. A Knight with only a king cannot checkmate the other King, even if that King has no other pieces. Under the official rules of chess when a game comes down to one player having only a King and the other player having only a King and a Knight, the game is automatically a draw. The same goes for a King and a Bishop against a lone King. This is why the Knight and Bishop are referred to as "minor pieces" while the Queen and Rook are "major pieces." A King and Queen or a King and Rook are able to checkmate a lone King.
No. There is no empress, just King, Queen, Rook, Bishop, Knight, Pawn.
Just a King and a Bishop alone are not enough provided material to be able to finish the game through means of checkmate. Upon entering a position where you only have a King and a Bishop, and your opponent as well does not have sufficient material; the game will immediately be considered a draw.
Just looking at it materially, the knight carries 3 points, as against the queen's 9, the rook's 5 and the bishop's 3, so in that sense, it's joint third in importance with the bishop. However, if the king is "captured"(checkmated), the game ends and hence you may also say that the knight is 4th in importance! However, in evaluating the importance of the knight, one must ALSO look into the subtler nuances of a position. For example, the knight is superior to a bishop generally in closed games, since it can hop over pieces, a feat that any of the pieces can't accomplish! Also, depending on the position in question, a knight may be stronger than any other piece then on the board, for example, consider this game: 1) e4 e5 2) Nf3 Nc6 3) Bb5 Nf6 4) d3 Ne7 5) Nxe5 c6 6) Nc4 cxb5, and lo and behold! The knight becomes the most powerful piece since it delivers a checkmate with 7) Nd6! (The game: Richard Clewin Griffith vs NN 1888)
Why not? :) The king is actually a decent fighter when there are no enemy rooks or queens to worry about. It doesn't have the range of a bishop, but it's not restricted to its own color. It can't jump over other pieces or move as quickly as a knight, but its movement is more straightforward and doesn't have potential moves cut off by being near the edge of the board as easily. Its movement also tends to be helpful in getting a pawn to queen, whereas maintaining control over a pawn using a single bishop or knight is impossible. If a game comes to down to a king and pawn versus king, then, depending on the board position, that king may allow the pawn to queen. Also, if the king were more powerful, it would be more difficult to checkmate it. For example, if a king moved like a rook or a queen, it would no longer be possible for a white rook to deliver checkmate to the black king without help from another white piece (since the black king could just capture it). This would probably mean that games would be more likely to end in a draw.
There are various books that can teach you how to play chess, or help you improve at playing chess. Opening books teach you new openings, or you can learn the theory behind the moves of openings you already know. There are also middle-game combination books, that can teach you strategies such as the Greek Gift, or Velo-Gun. There are even endgame books that can teach you how checkmate your opponent using just a knight, bishop and king.
Your pawn can promote to a Knight, Bishop, Rook or Queen. You CANNOT promote into a new King, however.
No, the game is pat (stalemate). You cannot checkmate your opponent with just a king without being checkmate yourself.
There are dozens of possibilities for a 5 move checkmate. You could use the 4 move checkmate "Scholar's Mate" and just delay a move in it, you could use a reversed Scholar's Mate and just use it as black. Or, you could find a different combination such as this sequence: 1. d2d4, e7e5 2. qd3, nc6 3. qb3, d7d6 4. bg5, qxg5 and 5. nf3 qc1#. Or any number of similar sequences.
Bishops, priests, and deacons may all proclaim the Gospel. If there is a deacon present, he should read the Gospel, as this is his particular duty. Normally, if there are any other clergy present, even just priests, they will read the Gospel, while the Bishop "presides" over the celebration.
Anyone can correct a Bishop, a bishop is just like anyone else.
The opponent can resign if he thinks his situation is unwinnable, though technically that's just ending the game early before an impending checkmate.