Yes. In fact, a pawn can attack another piece before its first move.
Consider the following moves (written in long algebraic notation):
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Bf1-a6
This sequence moves first the white, then the black kings' pawns forward two squares each. The white king's bishop is now free to move to the 6th rank - just in front of black's pawn row. In this case the black pawn on square b7 is attacking the white bishop before its first move.
Had the bishop moved 2. Bf1-b5 instead, the move 2 ... a7-a6 would result in the black queen's rook's pawn attacking the bishop after its first move.
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