because it forces a player to have their fingers tucked in, almost like a fist. this way, in the event of sliding head first into a base, they can catch the base with their palms and reduce risk of injuring their fingers/hands.
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The second baseman is communicating with the shortstop. Giving signs (mouth open, mouth closed) or indicators with their mouth to indicate whose is covering second base what or what play they might be attempting. They cover their faces so the opposing team cannot read into their "signs."
Both the catcher and the pitcher have to know what pitch is going to be thrown. This is is usually only done in the MLB because of the variety and ferocity of pitches. When the catcher knows what pitch is going to be thrown it gives him a better chance of catching the pitch and less chance of making a costly error. If the pitcher were to signal the catcher what pitch is going to be thrown, the batter could easily see the signal and eventually decipher the signal. This is why you see the catcher giving the signal quickly and out of sight of the batter.
it depends what you are talking about but sometimes it is to show the pitcher the location. But i catch and you are supposed to turn your glove in when the pitch is coming and then you open it just before the ball gets to your glove
The catcher stands and steps out of the catcher's box in what, in Baseball, is known as the intentional pass. The intentional pass is a ploy, usually with first base open (no runner aboard) and a runner at second base or runners at second and third base, to either pitch around a hitter to pitch to the next one in the hope of getting him to hit into a double play or set up a force at any base, including home.
I heard, many years ago, that the rule actually precludes the catcher from leaving the catcher's box until after the pitcher releases the ball, although I've never found that rule in the rule book. I've often felt this would be a good rule, since this would add an element of risk to the IP, since the pitcher is throwing to a place not occupied by his catcher.