The 1-3-1 zone defense in the game of Basketball was invented by the Hall of Fame coach Clair Bee. Coach Bee became interested in zone concepts after observing the zone concepts of Coach Cam Henderson of Marshall University.
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I'm not certain if he invented it (I believe he developed it to a higher level) but Jerry Tarkanian was the one that made it famous...
Many basketballs teams just adapted to that style of play. I think it started around the Michael Jordan era.