That distinction would go to Walter Camp in 1879. Legend has it that during the Yale-Princeton game, as he was being tackled, Camp threw a football forward to the Elis' Oliver Thompson who ran for a touchdown. Princeton protested. The referee, not knowing what to call, tossed a coin and then made the decision to allow the touchdown.
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It wasn't invented. In the original game that Webb Ellis would have played the rule was that a player could kick ahead or they could stand still pick up the ball and pass backward only . Running with the ball was not allowed. As with the rule of 1843 and now the player holding the ball may (1) pass laterally to another team member or
(b) behind themselves to a fellow player. A ball deemed to have gone forward by accident is an offence and a scrummage occurs with the defending team now having the ball. In the case of a deliberate forward pass it can be sanctioned with a penalty
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There was no single school that invented it. Most of the schools who played football in the early days tried it now and then, at least as far back as an 1876 game between Harvard and Yale. The forward pass was legalized in 1906, and Bradbury Robinson of St. Louis University is credited with throwing the first legal forward pass that season.
1906 The forward pass was legalized. The first authenticated pass completion in a pro game came on October 27, when George (Peggy)