The two main football teams in Spain are F.C. Barcelona and Real Madrid.
Real Madrid are the most successful club in Spain with a total of 70 trophies, including 31 Ligas and 9 European Cups - the club was voted the best club of the 20th century by FIFA during the millennium celebrations.
With 163,000 members, FC Barcelona is the most popular club in the world and their trophy haul is also impressive - 56 trophies including 19 Ligas and 2 European Cups. (I have included the 2008-09 Liga title in this statistic but not the 2009 Champions League or Copa del Rey titles, as they are yet to be played.)
The two clubs are so important because they represent two different views of Spain.
Madrid represent the capital, centralism and have often been supported by the Spanish government, whilst FC Barcelona are the flagship of Catalonia and its more democratic, federal view of the Spanish state.
This simplification is elaborated on in the three articles I have added as links.
More facts about Spain:
Nickname:La Roja [the red one]
Assocation:Royal Spanish Football Federation
Head Coach:Vicente del Bosque
Captain:Iker Casillas
Most Caps:Andoni Zubizarreta
Top Scorer:David Villa
Home Staduim:Various
Fifa Code:ESP
Fifa Ranking:1
Highest Fifa Ranking:1 [July 2008 - June 2009 October 2009-March 2010,July 2010
World cup
Appearances:13 [first in 1934]
Best result:2010 Winners
European Championship
Appearances:8[First in 1964]
Best Result:Winners [1964 and 2008]
Confederations
Appearances:1 [First in 2009]
Best Result:3rd place,2009
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As of 2008/2009 season:
* Liga BBVA - Primera División:
Real Madrid, Atlético de Madrid and Getafe.
* Liga Adelante - Segunda División:
Rayo Vallecano.
Plenty of other teams in minor divisions.
The two most famous teams from Madrid are Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid. There are other temas form Madrid that had played or play in the spanish first division as Rayo Vallecano, Leganés and Getafe.