XLIII L=50 X=10 V=5 I=1 To explain how you get 40 from XL you have to understand Roman Numerals. For instance when you have IV which is equal to 4 it is like saying 5 minus 1 so we can assume that XL is 50 minus 10 equals 40. Now we have XL=40 so just add on 3 which would be III and you get XLIII. XL + III= XLIII which is equal to 43.
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