What is an on the floor foul in basketball?

Answer 1

All fouls are classified as on the floor fouls, other than technical fouls (which usually occur from unsportsmanlike conduct with a referee or opponent).

A standard announcer will say "There is a foul on the floor...." just to start out the announcement.

Although there is a difference between a floor foul and a shooting foul. Floor foul results in a change in possession of the ball. Shooting foul result in 2 or 3 free throw shots by the player that was fouled. The number of attempts depends on if the shooter was attempting a 2pt. or 3pt. shot when fouled.