Baseline
The endline is the out of bounds line that can also be called the serving line. It is parallel with the net where as the side lines run perpendicular to the net.
The volleyball court, from endline to endline is 60 feet (30 feet/side). The court is 30 feet wide.
The back court is the area of your team's court that is closest to the endline (serving line).
Yes; even if they step on the endline, it's called a foot fault and (depending how competitive-ness you are playing), the other team will serve and get a point for the server's mistake.
Position 1 is considered "right back" (If you're standing at the net looking at the endline, the left third of the court behind the ten foot line).
The size of the serving area is the area between the back two lines of the volleyball court. You may serve anywhere between the lines and outside the court. If your foot touches or goes over the line you lose the serve.
100 yards endline to endline 48 yards across (up and down) 120 yards back of endzone to back of endzone
It is 16 yards from the endline in the center of the goal.
Corner
yes
You stand behind the white line at the back of the court. This is known as the base line.