ELVs or experimental Law Variations were a set of changes to Rugby laws that were tried in Southern Hemisphere rugby competitions (including the Super 14 and the Tri-nations) in 2008. Their intention was to speed up the game, reduce the number of penalties and simplify the breakdown. Free-kicks were used instead of penalties for infringements at breakdowns (excluding offside), the ball could not be kicked out on the full if carried back into the 22 by any method (this included passing back or if the ball was rucked back from a scrum in front of the 22), quick line-outs could be taken anywhere short of where the ball went out and could be thrown back instead of straight.
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