It is a measure to judge how effective a pitcher is. It calculated by taking the total earned runs a pitcher has allowed and dividing by (total #of innings pitched/9). Giving you an average number of runs a pitcher allows (earned runs) every 9 innings
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A run that the pitcher has given up. Unearned runs are caused by errors. Anything else that scores that isn't the result of a error, is a earned run. Walks, hits, sacrifices, balks, etc. are all examples of what can cause a earned run.
Earned runs allowed (all runs given up not due to a fielding error) multiplied by 9 , then divided by innings pitched.
David Ortiz doesn't have an ERA because he is not a pitcher. Only pitchers have Earned Run Averages.
ERA is the average number of earned runs a pitcher allows per nine innings pitched.
A run scored without the aid of an error, used in computing earned run averages.