There are several kicks in soccer and they are listed below.
indirect free kick (IFK) - awarded for minor foul; a goal can not be scored directly from an IFK, the ball must touch at least one other player before entering the goal in order for a goal to be awarded; it is taken from where the foul occurred.
direct free kick (DFK) - awarded for major foul; a goal can be scored directly from a DFK, the ball does not have to touch another player before entering the goal in order for a goal to be awarded; it is taken from where the foul occurred.
kick-off - a type of DFK because a goal can be scored directly from a kick-off; a kick-off is a way of starting or restarting play; it is taken from the center mark on the field.
penalty kick (PK) - a type of DFK; a PK is awarded if a major foul is committed by a team within their own penalty area, regardless of the position of the ball when the foul was committed as long as it is in play; it is taken from the penalty mark inside the defending teams penalty area.
corner kick - a type of DFK; a corner kick is awarded when the ball crosses the defending team's goal line after having last touched a member of the defending team and a goal is not scored; it is taken by a member of the attacking team from inside the corner arc closest to the side where the ball crossed the goal line.
goal kick - a type of DFK (although it is highly unlikely a goal would be scored directly from a goal kick); a goal kick is awarded when the ball crosses the defending team's goal line after having touched a member of the attacking team and a goal is not scored; it is taken by a member of the defending team from anywhere inside the goal area.
There are a few other rules that come into play when the kicks are taken. This list just summarizes the kicks in question.
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